Mumbai, India’s financial capital, is grappling with alarming levels of air pollution, experiencing one of its most contaminated periods as the Air Quality Index (AQI) in some western suburbs has crossed 300. Experts and health professionals have identified several reasons behind this growing environmental concern.
Persistent Smog and Changing Patterns
According to The Times of India, Dilip Boralkar, former member secretary of the Maharashtra Pollution Control Board (MPCB), highlighted a noticeable shift in smog behavior. “Earlier, smog would clear by 9:00 to 9:30 AM. Now, it lingers until 11:00 AM or even later on some days,” Boralkar explained.
Construction Boom and Dust Pollution
Ongoing infrastructure projects, including extensive Metro constructions, have significantly impacted air quality. Mumbai’s Municipal Commissioner, Iqbal Singh Chahal, noted that the city currently has around 6,000 active construction sites. These activities release dust and particulate matter, exacerbating the pollution crisis.
Traffic Congestion and Vehicle Emissions
With 1.2 million private vehicles operating on congested roads, emissions are a major contributor to Mumbai’s deteriorating air quality. “Road space has halved, causing vehicles to move slower and take double the time to reach their destinations,” stated senior pulmonologist Dr. Sanjeev Mehta, as per TOI.
Climatic Factors and La Niña Decline
The decline in La Niña, which typically cools ocean surfaces and stabilizes wind patterns, has further aggravated pollution by allowing particulate matter to accumulate in the coastal city.
Dust Control and Anti-Smog Measures
Authorities are battling dust pollution from roadworks and construction debris using innovative solutions. The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation (BMC) has deployed anti-smog guns capable of dispersing water over 50 meters. These guns are supported by water tanks with capacities of 5,000 to 10,000 liters, along with 100 water tankers to wash roads and minimize dust.
Cooking Emissions
Pollution from cooking in restaurants and food stalls is also a factor. The use of low-quality oils releases ultrafine particles and harmful gases like nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde, further degrading the air.