In a move that could strain diplomatic ties, the US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) has recommended targeted sanctions against India's intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), over its alleged role in assassination plots targeting Sikh separatists abroad. The recommendation, part of the commission’s annual report released on Tuesday, also urges the US government to classify India as a “country of particular concern” for alleged religious freedom violations.

The Indian government has not yet responded to the report, which comes amid growing tensions between India and the US regarding accusations of extrajudicial actions against pro-Khalistan figures. The issue gained momentum last year when Washington charged former Indian intelligence officer Vikash Yadav in connection with a foiled assassination attempt on pro-Khalistan leader Gurpatwant Singh Pannun. While India has dismissed the allegations, citing its firm stance against Sikh separatists, international scrutiny over its intelligence operations has increased.

Beyond India, the commission also recommended sanctions against Vietnam, accusing the communist-led nation of tightening control over religious institutions. The panel suggested that both India and Vietnam be classified as nations violating religious freedoms, despite Washington’s strategic partnerships with both countries to counter China’s regional dominance.

Despite the panel’s strong recommendations, analysts believe the US is unlikely to impose sanctions on India’s intelligence agency, as the strategic partnership between New Delhi and Washington is crucial in countering Beijing’s influence in the Indo-Pacific. The US has historically avoided direct action on human rights issues in India due to its geopolitical importance.

The USCIRF report also claimed that religious freedom conditions in India have worsened, citing an increase in alleged attacks and discrimination against minorities in 2024. However, India has consistently denied such allegations, maintaining that its constitution guarantees equal rights for all communities.

While the recommendations by USCIRF are not binding, they reflect ongoing international debates over India’s domestic policies, religious dynamics, and global intelligence operations.