India’s top court has raised serious concerns over the rising trend of state governments announcing financial benefits and free schemes just before elections. During a hearing on Thursday, the Supreme Court questioned whether such measures are financially responsible and warned that unchecked distribution of benefits could slow down the country’s long-term development.
A bench led by Chief Justice of India Surya Kant, along with Justice Joymalya Bagchi and Justice Vipul Pancholi, expressed unease over what it described as a growing “freebie culture.” The remarks were made while the court was hearing a matter related to the Tamil Nadu Power Distribution Company Ltd.
The Chief Justice asked tough questions about the impact of unconditional cash transfers on the country’s work culture. “If direct cash transfer schemes are announced, will people work anymore?” the bench observed, indicating concern that regular cash handouts might reduce motivation for employment.
The court also questioned why some states provide benefits such as free electricity or financial aid to all citizens without checking whether they are financially capable of paying. “What is the distinction between persons who are capable of paying electricity bills and persons who are marginalised?” the Chief Justice asked during the hearing. The bench stressed that welfare should focus on the needy and not become a political tool.
The judges said that while helping the poor is the duty of the state, distributing benefits to everyone without proper targeting may turn welfare into appeasement. According to the bench, such policies may divert funds away from infrastructure, job creation, and long-term investments that are essential for national progress.
The court’s remarks come at a time when several states are preparing for elections in 2026 and have announced or expanded cash-transfer schemes. In Tamil Nadu, payments under a women-focused financial support scheme were reportedly advanced before polls. In Assam, beneficiaries received a one-time transfer during the festive season. Kerala and West Bengal have also increased monthly assistance under women-oriented welfare schemes. Meanwhile, opposition parties in some states have promised higher monthly payments if voted to power.
The Supreme Court did not pass any final order on policy changes but made it clear that a balance must be maintained. “There has to be a balance,” the Chief Justice said, adding that development should not be sacrificed for short-term electoral gains.
